Pensacola · 2026-11-10

• Upwind on the foils, carry more cant and more twist. In Course work's own upwind foiling, the fast quarter had 2.4 deg of leeward cant against 5.7 in the slow quarter (- = more cant), 25.0 deg of twist against 19.0, CA6 more inverted (-5.6 against 0.0) and 4.0 deg of rudder rake against 4.7. It sailed 42.4 km/h against 33.7, in the same wind. Downwind, Course work's fast quarter points the same way: cant 1.2 against 5.5 and twist 21.9 against 15.4, at 52.9 km/h against 43.5. Yesterday Race Team's and Jake on the wing's fast quarters said the same. Try cant towards 2-3 deg and 25 deg of twist upwind in this breeze.
• Upwind foiling at 12.5-15 km/h, Block 1 J2 was 4 deg lower than NZL (Valencia) at the same speed. Block 1 J2 sailed 53.7 deg at 41.1 km/h, for 25.0 km/h of VMG (12 periods). Course work sailed 48.3 deg at 37.8 (26.3, 14 periods). NZL (Valencia, J1) sailed 49.5 at 41.5 (29.0, 11). Block 1 J2 had NZL's speed and gave away the angle; Course work had NZL's angle and gave away 3.7 km/h. At 10-12.5, Course work beat NZL (Valencia) on VMG: 55.1 deg at 37.6 km/h (23.0, 14 periods) against 60.8 at 40.3 (20.5, 10). Jake Wing sailed 57.3 at 37.9 (20.6, 20). Aim for Course work's 48-55 deg at Block 1's 41 km/h.
• Downwind on the foils at 12.5-15 km/h, Block 1 J2 was deeper and faster than every Valencia boat. It sailed 133.2 deg at 47.7 km/h, for 34.7 km/h of VMG (10 periods). NZL (Valencia) sailed 128.5 at 44.5 (29.1, 24) and FRA (Valencia), the best boat, 121.5 at 41.5 (23.2, 17). That is the downwind number to repeat. It had less leeward rake than NZL (3.2 against 3.9 deg) and a steadier ride height (64 mm of deviation against 97).
• In full displacement, Development Team, Liv Driving was level with NZL's best Geneva periods; the J1 just couldn't get foiling in 7.7-11.3 km/h. The reference is NZL's SPEED v2 cheatsheet periods at Geneva 18-20 Sep (J1, four on board), kept only where both hulls stayed under 200 mm for the whole 6 s, and with as many port periods as starboard on each day: NZL's displacement TWA read the tacks 2-22 deg apart at Geneva. Upwind at 10-12.5 km/h both sailed 51.3 deg; Geneva was 0.4 km/h faster (14.3 against 13.9, VMG 8.9 against 8.4; 12 and 8 periods). At 7.5-10 Geneva sailed 47.9 deg at 11.8 km/h (7.9 VMG, 10 periods) against our 50.0 at 12.2 (7.7, 84). Downwind at 10-12.5 we made more: 132.3 deg at 14.7 km/h (10.1, 14) against Geneva's 126.4 at 16.3 (9.8, 28). The set-ups differ more than the results: upwind Geneva ran less camber (CA1 28.5-28.9 deg against 30.8-31.1), more cant (2.0-4.0 against 4.5-5.0, - = more), the clew less far to windward (-258 to -282 mm against -459 to -492) and the sheet more trimmed (46 % eased against 52). Those are settings to try for the same speed, not a speed gap to close.
• Reaching takeoffs at 10-12.5 km/h: Jake Wing stayed up 8 of 10 times; the Valencia boats managed 5 of 13 in that band. NZL (Valencia) stayed up 4 of 8 and AUS 0 of 4. Jake Wing lifted at 29.4 km/h and 86.8 deg, flew 0.9 s later and was at 31.0 km/h 10 s on, against NZL's 34.4. Course work stayed up 7 of 7 reaching at 12.5-15 and 4 of 4 upwind. The thing to work on is speed after takeoff: 31-36 km/h at +10 s, against 34-40 for the Valencia boats.

• 07:20:09 (13:20:09 UTC) Block 1 J2: the best gybe of the day, 33.7 km/h through at 10-12.5, out at 121 deg, lowest hull 863 mm
• 07:30:05 (13:30:05 UTC) Course work: gybe 35.0 km/h through at 12.5-15, out at 107 deg, lowest hull 1106 mm
• 07:32:17 (13:32:17 UTC) Course work: the best tack of the day, 19.1 km/h through at 15-17.5, out at 58 deg and still foiling (lowest hull 847 mm)
• 07:25:50 (13:25:50 UTC) Block 1 J2: tack 15.9 km/h through but a hull to 96 mm (a touchdown) and out at 40 deg
• 07:47:31 (13:47:31 UTC) Course work: tack touching down, 20.2 km/h going in, hull to -62 mm
• 08:18:51 (14:18:51 UTC) Jake Wing: the best tack of the block, 17.3 km/h through at 12.5-15, out at 65 deg, lowest hull 1027 mm
• 08:28:05 (14:28:05 UTC) Jake Wing: tack off the foils, 6.4 km/h through
• 08:42:27 (14:42:27 UTC) Jake Wing: gybe out at 87 deg, 17.8 km/h through
• 07:45:14 (13:45:14 UTC) Course work, gun 2: 4.2 m from the line at 43.5 km/h, crossed 0.4 s after the gun, M1 in 31.4 s, 3 m off it
• 12:46:58 (18:46:58 UTC) Development Team, Liv Driving: the block's only takeoff attempt, upwind in 10.4 km/h of wind, came down

On the foils, Course work matched NZL (Valencia) at 10-12.5 km/h, and Block 1 J2 was 4 deg lower than NZL at 12.5-15. Most comparisons are with the J1 days, Valencia Sat-Sun: on Friday's J2 only NZL at 15-17.5 had five periods. Our periods are banded on both tacks' wind and balanced between tacks (Deep dives).

• Foiling, 12.5-15: Block 1 J2 sailed 53.7 deg at 41.1 km/h, for 25.0 km/h of VMG (12 periods). Course work sailed 48.3 deg at 37.8 km/h (26.3, 14). NZL (Valencia, J1) sailed 49.5 deg at 41.5 km/h (29.0, 11) and SUI (Valencia), the best boat, 49.9 at 41.4 (27.1, 26). Block 1 J2 carried less leeward rake than NZL (4.0 deg against 4.7) and was the only one with NZL's speed. Course work had the angle but less cant (4.9 deg against NZL's 2.5; - = more) and 3.7 km/h less speed.
• Foiling, 10-12.5: Course work sailed 55.1 deg at 37.6 km/h, for 23.0 km/h of VMG (14 periods), and Jake Wing 57.3 at 37.9 (20.6, 20). NZL (Valencia) sailed 60.8 deg at 40.3 km/h (20.5, 10) and SUI 56.5 at 32.7 (17.7, 10). Course work is 6 deg higher than NZL at 2.7 km/h less speed, for 2.5 km/h more VMG. Jake Wing had the jib sheet more eased (35 % against 18-21 %) and a lead of 50 % against Course work's 62 %.
• Foiling, 15-17.5: Course work sailed 39.7 deg at 41.0 km/h (32.0, 4 periods: a pointer). NZL (Valencia Fri, J2) sailed 40.2 at 44.8 (35.0, 14). NZL on the J1 at Valencia sailed 52.1 deg at 39.7 km/h, so the J2 is the jib that points at 40 deg.
• H1, 10-12.5: Jake Wing sailed 60.5 deg at 21.7 km/h (10.9, 10 periods), level with NZL (Valencia) at 60.4 deg and 21.0 km/h (10.7, 12), with 17 deg of twist against 8.
• H1, 12.5-15: Jake Wing sailed 53.4 deg at 21.4 km/h (13.1, 5 periods) against NZL (Valencia) at 53.2 and 22.7 (13.6, 16). Course work's 4 periods there read 41.7 deg at 24.0 km/h, 17.3 VMG: a pointer, probably periods accelerating onto the foils.
• H2 (full displacement), Development Team, Liv Driving on the J1, against NZL's best Geneva periods (SPEED v2 cheatsheet selection, both hulls under 200 mm for the whole 6 s, even port and starboard within each day):
• 10-12.5 km/h: Liv's block 51.3 deg at 13.9 km/h, 8.4 km/h of VMG (8 periods). NZL (Geneva) 51.3 deg at 14.3 km/h (8.9, 12 periods). NZL (Valencia) 53.2 at 12.9 (7.7, 24). Same angle as Geneva, 0.4 km/h slower, with more camber (31.1 deg CA1 against 28.9), less cant (4.5 against 4.0), the clew further to windward (-492 mm against -258), the sheet more eased (52 % against 46) and more AWA-E1 (11.7 against 7.6).
• 7.5-10 km/h: Liv's block 50.0 deg at 12.2 km/h, 7.7 km/h of VMG (84 periods). NZL (Geneva) 47.9 deg at 11.8 km/h, 7.9 (10 periods): 2 deg higher and 0.4 km/h slower, the same result. Geneva again ran less camber (28.5 against 30.8), more cant (2.0 against 5.0) and the sheet more trimmed (47 % eased against 52). SUI (Valencia) is the only other reference here and reads 28.5 deg at 12.3 km/h, which looks like a wind reading rather than sailing.
• Leeway reads high on B15: 3.9-5.0 deg on the foils against 2.6-3.4 for NZL (Valencia). VMG here is heading-based and doesn't charge for leeway, so this is either B15 sliding more or how its leeway is measured. Worth checking against yesterday.

On the foils at 12.5-15 km/h, Block 1 J2 beat every Valencia boat. Off the foils, Development Team, Liv Driving sailed 7 deg higher than NZL (Valencia) at the same speed.

• Foiling, 12.5-15: Block 1 J2 sailed 133.2 deg at 47.7 km/h, for 34.7 km/h of VMG (10 periods). NZL (Valencia, J1) sailed 128.5 deg at 44.5 km/h (29.1, 24) and FRA (Valencia), the best boat, 121.5 at 41.5 (23.2, 17). Block 1 J2 ran less leeward rake (3.2 deg against 3.9-4.2), a more trimmed jib sheet (26 % eased against 29-34 %) and a steadier ride height (64 mm of deviation against 81-97).
• Foiling, 10-12.5: Course work sailed 129.6 deg at 45.3 km/h (29.0, 4 periods) and Jake Wing 124.5 at 44.8 (28.0, 4). No Valencia boat had five foiling downwind periods in this band.
• H2 (full displacement), Development Team, Liv Driving on the J1, 10-12.5: 132.3 deg at 14.7 km/h, 10.1 km/h of VMG (14 periods). NZL (Geneva, SPEED v2 periods, even tacks) sailed 126.4 deg at 16.3 km/h (9.8, 28 periods), NZL (Valencia) 139.2 at 14.9 (10.8, 41) and FRA (Valencia) 130.7 at 15.1 (9.8, 64). We sat between the two NZL references: Geneva 6 deg higher and 1.6 km/h faster for 0.3 less VMG, Valencia 7 deg deeper at our speed for 0.7 more. Valencia's NZL had the wing at a much higher angle of attack (AWA-E1 21.6 deg against our 9.2) and less camber (28.1 against 34.3); Geneva had less rotation (32.3 against 40.9) and the clew nearer the middle (+581 against +1090 mm).
• H2, 7.5-10: 131.1 deg at 11.8 km/h, 7.7 km/h of VMG (76 periods). NZL (Valencia) sailed 138.1 at 10.1 (7.3, 5) and FRA (Valencia) 140.2 at 14.1 (10.6, 14). Geneva has only one even pair here, so no column.
• What goes with speed: in Block 1 J2's own foiling, the fast quarter had more cant (4.6 against 5.5) and more jib sheet load. In Course work's, it had more cant (1.2 against 5.5), more twist (21.9 against 15.4) and CA6 less positive (1.1 against 9.7) (Deep dives).

Start line to M1 only: five practice guns, all in the morning, three of them foiling on the reach.

• 55-80 deg, 12.5-15 km/h: Course work sailed 78.7 deg at 50.3 km/h towards M1 (7 windows). GBR (Valencia), the best boat, sailed 79.6 deg at 40.3 (12). We were 10 km/h faster at the same angle.
• 80-100 deg, 12.5-15 km/h: Course work sailed 96.3 deg at 51.3 km/h, 50.8 towards M1 (6 windows), against ITA (Valencia) 86.4 at 41.7 and NZL (Valencia) 82.4 at 29.1.
• 80-100 deg, 10-12.5 km/h: Course work sailed 92.0 deg at 45.9 km/h (8 windows). No Valencia boat reached in this band.
• Guns 4 and 5 (08:48:20 and 08:56:28) started in H1 at 22-24 km/h and reached at 31.5-35.3 km/h, against 45.9-51.3 for the three foiling starts. They are the reaches that cost time.

Course work's tacks and Block 1's gybes were the day's best turns. Jake Wing touched down on two tacks in three at 10-12.5.

• Tacks at 10-12.5 km/h: Course work made 15.4 km/h through (8 tacks), Jake Wing 13.6 (9). NZL (Valencia) made 14.6 (3) and ITA (Valencia), the best tacker, 15.4 (2). Course work touched down on 1 in 8 and Jake Wing on 6 of 9, against NZL's 1 in 3. Jake Wing used more rudder (15.3 deg peak against 12.9-14.5) and the lowest hull fell to 69 mm against Course work's 203. Course work came out of the tack at 22.0 km/h at +5 s, against NZL's 26.0.
• Tacks at 12.5-15: Block 1 J2 made 15.6 km/h through (4) and Course work 16.8 (3). NZL (Valencia) made 18.5 (6) and ITA 17.0 (6). We kept more speed at the lowest point (29-30 km/h against 22.7) and stayed higher (lowest hull 669-716 mm against 143). We gave it back by coming out at 67-68 deg against NZL's 54.
• Gybes at 12.5-15: Block 1 J2 made 29.7 km/h through (3) and Course work 27.3 (8). ESP (Valencia), the best gybing boat, made 28.2 (6) and NZL 23.7 (12). Block 1 J2 came out hot, at 113 deg against 120-124, and was at 49.3 km/h by +20 s.
• Gybes at 10-12.5: Course work made 25.9 km/h through (3) and Jake Wing 21.3 (6), against NZL (Valencia) 20.3 (4) and ESP 26.4 (4). Jake Wing came out at 102 deg against 120-125 for the others.
• The 11:46 block's turns: 2 tacks and 4 gybes, all in displacement at 7.5-12.5 km/h. Five of the six fall under the practice quality score of 25. That score ranks a boat-window's turns against each other, so displacement turns score low next to the morning's foiling ones. The tack at 12:19:29 (18:19:29 UTC) made 10.2 km/h through; one turn is a video timestamp, not a level.
• Why turns drop out: a tack counts at 65 % of its column's straight-line VMG at the same wind, and a gybe at 70 %.

Course work stayed up every time, Jake Wing stayed up 8 of 10 reaching at 10-12.5 km/h, and Development Team, Liv Driving's one attempt came down.

• Stayed up: Course work 12 of 12, Jake Wing 12 of 18, Block 1 J2 1 of 2, Development Team, Liv Driving 0 of 1. NZL (Valencia) stayed up 10 of 12 reaching at 12.5-15, AUS 9 of 13, ESP 6 of 9.
• Reaching at 10-12.5: Jake Wing 8 of 10, against NZL (Valencia) 4 of 8, AUS 0 of 4 and ESP 1 of 1. Jake Wing lifted at 29.4 km/h and 86.8 deg TWA, had both hulls over 400 mm 0.9 s later and was at 31.0 km/h 10 s on. NZL lifted at 29.5 km/h and 96.4 deg and was at 34.4 km/h 10 s on. Jake Wing had the clew further to windward (-238 mm against -90) and more camber (29.5 deg against 27.0).
• Reaching at 12.5-15: Course work 7 of 7, lifting at 30.1 km/h and 82.6 deg, flying 0.5 s later, 35.9 km/h at +10 s. NZL (Valencia) lifted at 28.8 km/h and 97.5 deg, took 1.2 s and reached 35.2. Same speed 10 s later from a takeoff 15 deg higher.
• Upwind at 12.5-15: Course work 4 of 4 and Jake Wing 2 of 3, against NZL (Valencia) 4 of 7, AUS 7 of 18 and ESP 2 of 4.
• Upwind at 7.5-12.5: Jake Wing's three attempts (14:29-14:33 UTC, 08:29-08:33 local) all came down, at 17.8-23.5 km/h of boat speed at T = 0. Every takeoff that stayed up today came at 28.6 km/h or more.

Bands are each boat's own wind, raw: B15 read less wind on port downwind this morning, so a port takeoff can sit a band low.

Every straight-line takeoff, as on the live training page. T = 0 is the moment the leeward hull lifts above 300 mm, the last time it did before both hulls first passed 400 mm. An attempt needs the leeward hull in the water (under 200 mm) in the 15 s before, the wing set, no tack or gybe from 15 s before to 5 s after and no TWA sign change within 10 s. It stayed up when both hulls are over 400 mm for 95 % of the next 10 s. Medians of the takeoffs that stayed up. The benchmark is every such takeoff by NZL, AUS and ESP at Valencia 4-6 Sep under 17.5 km/h (stayed up: AUS 36; ESP 27; NZL 30). Bands are each boat's own wind, raw. Time series run 10 s before T = 0 to 10 s after; they are drawn in bands where a team took off.

Five practice guns, all in the morning: guns 1 and 2 on course 26110901, guns 3-5 on course 26111001. Guns 1-3 were Course work, guns 4 and 5 Jake Wing. The 11:46 block had no starts.

• Gun 1 (07:29:23): 10 m over the line (-10.1 m) at the gun at 33.1 km/h, crossed 0.8 s early. M1 in 29.2 s.
• Gun 2 (07:45:14): 4.2 m from the line at 43.5 km/h, crossed 0.4 s after the gun, M1 in 31.4 s, 3 m off it. The start to copy.
• Gun 3 (07:59:35): 39.6 m back at 48.5 km/h, crossed 3.0 s after the gun, 40 % along the line, M1 in 30.0 s.
• Guns 4 and 5 (08:48:20, 08:56:28), Jake Wing: 30.1 and 17.5 m from the line in H1 at 22-24 km/h, 2.8-4.6 s late on distance, M1 in 43.7-48.8 s. Coming into the gun off the foils cost 12-20 s to M1 against the foiling starts.

Roundings are timed at the closest pass of the mark in the course file and only counted within 60 m of it. Gates came 85-150 s after the gun: the morning's three foiling starts at 85-127 s and the two H1 starts at 147-150 s.

The day. B15 sailed on the 27 m wing, LAB2 boards and LARW rudders all day (configuration channels 143, 4, 4), four on board. The morning blocks were on the small jib (J2) and the 11:46 block on the big jib (J1).

The references. NZL and the best boat at Valencia, on the identical wing, boards and rudders, with each jib's days as its own column: Fri 4 Sep on the J2, Sat 5 and Sun 6 Sep on the J1. The live page pooled the three days. In this breeze the J2 Friday has five periods in only one cell (upwind foiling at 15-17.5), so nearly every comparison today is with the J1 days. Read the J2 blocks against them knowing that.

The light-air reference (coach, 2026-11-11). NZL at Geneva 18-20 Sep, the identical wing, boards and rudders, J1 and four on board, from the SPEED v2 cheatsheet's clean periods and its bar on NZL's 2026 curve for LAB2 27m, held to displacement. Before choosing, every displacement period with any 0.5 s sample over 200 mm on either hull was taken out (91 of 860 across NZL's and B15's 2026), so nothing in it is lifting. Even tacks within each day: NZL's displacement TWA read port minus starboard -4.4 deg upwind and +7.0 downwind on 18 Sep, -1.6 and -11.7 on 19 Sep, and -22.5 upwind on 20 Sep (fleet: +2.4 / -1.8, -1.3 / -5.1, -5.1 / -14.0). The cheatsheet's 2026-wide pick had left 4 port against 10 starboard in a band here, which moved the averages by up to 5 deg and 3 km/h. So in each point of sail, band and day, each tack keeps its best n over the bar, n being the shorter side, on the report's own wind. That leaves 52 periods: 22 upwind (10 at 7.5-10, 12 at 10-12.5) and 30 downwind (2 at 7.5-10, 28 at 10-12.5). Already the chosen best, they show from 3 periods, like our columns.

The columns. The live page's blocks under their own names: Block 1 J2 (07:15-07:27), Course work (07:27-08:11), Jake Wing (08:17-09:00). Then Development Team, Liv Driving (11:46-12:59). Each has its own bar.

The rules. Light day (calendar wind under 15 km/h), so the speed gates are 8 km/h. Periods are not within 10 s of a turn, have the wing set and aren't trading speed for angle. They clear 95 % of the column's own median VMG in its point of sail, mode and band, with the live page's lower bars: 90 % at 12.5-15 km/h, 90 % upwind for Jake Wing, and 90 % on a tack with under half the other's periods. The figures are averages of what clears the bar, so they compare better sailing with better sailing, not how often each block got there. Manoeuvres, takeoffs and reaches are medians.

The day's data. The live page fetched only to 09:00. The day was refetched to 13:00 for this report, and 10 Nov was added to the race calendar by hand: the scan counts sailing over 20 km/h and missed the 11:46 block.

Port minus starboard in the same minutes (each port period against the starboard ones within 4 min, same sailing mode):

• Morning, upwind (105 pairs): TWA 4.6 deg lower on port, boat speed 0.3 km/h lower.
• Morning, downwind (26 pairs): TWA 6.1 deg lower on port, boat speed the same. TWS read 2.4 km/h less on port.
• 11:46 block, upwind (127 pairs): TWA 5.6 deg lower on port.
• 11:46 block, downwind (137 pairs): TWA 2.2 deg lower on port.

Boat speed barely moves between the tacks while TWA moves 2-6 deg, so it is the wind gear, as yesterday. The wind is left raw, as the coach chose.

What the report does about it. Each tack's TWS is moved by half the port-minus-starboard split before banding, so a minute's wind reads the same on either tack. Then every cell keeps as many port periods as starboard (Jake Wing upwind may go to 60/40), so the TWA split cancels in each average.

New today: the split is fitted per stretch of sailing. Over the whole day the downwind split came out at -0.85 km/h, because the 11:46 block had most of the pairs (148 of 179). The morning alone read -2.38 km/h (31 pairs) and the afternoon -0.77. One day-wide fit would have under-corrected every morning downwind period by about 0.8 km/h. Upwind: -0.41 in the morning and -0.93 in the afternoon. A break of 30 min or more now starts a new stretch with its own fit (prep.tack_wind_split).

Fastest against slowest quarter of each block's own foiling periods, with the wind taken out, from the periods before the bar so the slow ones are still there:

More cant comes with speed in all three, by 1-4 deg, and more twist upwind and downwind for Course work. Yesterday's fast quarters said the same (twist 22.5 against 15.2 and cant 2.9 against 5.5 for Race Team upwind). Two days and two crews now agree. Five periods a side is small, so use it as a direction to try, not a number to set.

The block ran 11:46-12:59 (17:46-18:59 UTC) in 7.7-11.3 km/h of wind (median 9.2).

It never foiled. Both hulls were over 400 mm for 0.1 % of the block, and the leeward hull over 300 mm for 7 %. Boat speed by wind:

Every takeoff that stayed up this morning came at 28.6-31.1 km/h. In the same 10-12 km/h of wind, Jake Wing on the J2 had both hulls up 51-60 % of the time. The one attempt in the afternoon block was upwind at 12:46:58 (18:46:58 UTC) and came down. Flying was the plan (coach); the breeze didn't allow it.

How it sailed in displacement, against NZL's best Geneva periods (SPEED v2 selection, full displacement, even tacks per day) and NZL at Valencia, same wind (TWA / boat speed / VMG, periods):

In displacement the block was level with NZL's best at Geneva: within 0.5 km/h of VMG upwind and 0.3 ahead downwind. Upwind, Geneva got there with less camber (28.5-28.9 deg CA1 against 30.8-31.1), more cant (2.0-4.0 against 4.5-5.0), the clew less far to windward and the sheet more trimmed (46 % eased against 52): worth trying, for the same speed. Downwind the two NZL references went opposite ways (Geneva higher and faster, Valencia deeper at our speed), and we sat between them. Before the tacks were evened, Geneva looked 3-6 deg higher upwind and 4.7 km/h faster downwind; that was NZL's wind reading the tacks differently, not sailing.

• Wind bands: 2.5 km/h, on each boat's own wind reading corrected by its calibration offset for the day. Offsets (km/h, + = the sensor reads high), from moments boats sailed within 150 m of each other: B15 +0.0.
• Bands are never merged. A band is shown only with at least 5 of our periods and 3 other boats with 5 each; for manoeuvres and roundings, 2 of ours and 3 other boats with 2 each.
• Racing is split by leg (leg 1 = reaching, the final leg left out). Practice is split by wind angle: upwind at or below 75°, downwind at or above 110°.
• Samples: 6 s straight-line periods from the app (upwind, downwind), each the mean of its ~12 half-second readings; 2 s chunks of the steady part of leg 1 (reaching: 10 s after the start to 5 s before mark 1).
• Angle words: higher = closer to the wind (a smaller TWA) and lower = further from it (a bigger TWA), upwind and downwind. Upwind, 50 deg is higher than 52 deg. Downwind, deeper = a bigger TWA, so 140 deg is deeper than 130 deg, and 130 deg is higher.
• Periods: an upwind or downwind period is left out if it starts within 10 s of one of the boat's tacks, gybes, bear-aways or mark roundings (the boat is still accelerating), if the wing is not set (under 15 deg of camber, as on a tow), or if it is trading speed for angle: boat speed falling over 1 km/h inside the 6 s while turning up upwind or bearing away downwind. What is left must be at or above 95 % of that boat's own median VMG in that point of sail, sailing mode and wind band; with teams named, each team has its own bar. The table below shows what each step removed race by race.
• Light day. Periods need at least 8 km/h of boat speed and tacks and gybes at least 8 km/h at the crossing, because the boats sailed and turned in displacement. Foiling and displacement periods are compared separately where it matters.
• Period figures are averages of what clears each boat's bar, so VMG, speed and TWA describe the same periods. They compare better sailing with better sailing, not how often a boat gets there. Manoeuvres, roundings and starts stay medians, because they are few. No figure rests on a single sample. Fleet = the median of the other boats' figures, so each boat counts once. Best boat = the other boat with the best: average VMG (km/h) upwind and downwind, VMC to mark 1 on the reach, VMG through the manoeuvre on tacks and gybes, metres below target on bear-aways, exit speed on roundings, metres at mark 1 on starts. VMG % is against each team's own polar, so it is shown for us but never used to rank boats.
• Targets: SPEED v2 cheatsheet, LAB2 27m with the Small jib and LARW rudders: the sheet's row at the band's lower wind speed (the 30 km/h row for 30-32.5), as written, never interpolated. Clew targets are converted to mm with the sign turned round (- = to windward, as in the data); jib track is converted from sheet angle to jib lead % (0 % = fully inboard). Not compared: jib sheet load (the sheet's units are not kgf yet).
• Phases included: practice, racing. Races left out: none. Crew on board: 4. Notes: 27 m wing, LAB2, LARW, four on board all day. Live training blocks on the Small jib (J2): Block 1 J2 07:15-07:27, Course work 07:27-08:11, Jake Wing 08:17-09:00; then Development Team, Liv Driving 11:46-12:59 on the Big jib (J1) in 7-11 km/h (flying was the plan, not possible in the breeze). Wind gear left raw: our periods banded on both tacks' wind (fitted for the morning and the 11:46 block apart) and balanced between tacks. As the live analysis: our bar 90 % at 12.5-15 km/h, 90 % upwind for Jake Wing with a 60/40 tack split, 90 % on the tack with under half the other's periods; a column from 3 periods or 1 turn; takeoffs as on the live page. Light-air reference: NZL's SPEED v2 cheatsheet periods at Geneva 18-20 Sep (J1, four on board), full displacement only, even tacks within each day..
• Past event days (Valencia Fri J2 2026-09-04; Valencia Sat-Sun J1 2026-09-05, 2026-09-06; Geneva J1 SPEED v2 H2 2026-09-18, 2026-09-19, 2026-09-20): every boat follows one rule. Periods trading speed for angle are left out, then a period must be at or above 95 % of that boat's own median VMG in its band, and period figures are averages of what clears that bar. For tacks and gybes, a tack counts when it keeps at least 65 % of its crew's straight-line VMG in the same wind and point of sail, a gybe at least 70 %, the crew being a boat or one of our teams; a fixed standard, not a ranking. They stay medians. Bands are each boat's own sensor. The Deep dives tab has the detail.
• Manoeuvres are free manoeuvres only: anything within 10 s of the start, a mark or the finish belongs to the Mark roundings tab, and anything after the finish is left out. Practice tacks and gybes with an app quality score under 25 are left out (the boat was not trying); racing ones are all kept.
• VMG through the manoeuvre = ground made upwind (tacks) or downwind (gybes) over the app's 25 s window, in km/h - the measure that compares boats directly. Metres lost is the app's ghost-boat figure; each ghost holds that boat's OWN pre-manoeuvre VMG, so a boat that was quicker going in shows more loss for the same turn. For bear-aways it is distance sailed below the boat's target speed over 15 s. Touchdown = lowest hull under 100 mm.
• Reaches are start line to M1 only: the steady part, 10 s after crossing the line to 5 s before M1, straight and foiling, as 2 s samples, with medians of those. Practice sailing at reach angles is left out on purpose: on 6 Nov 2026 it was mostly turns and acceleration, with TWA moving over 3 deg inside 77 % of those periods. A reach is only compared inside one wind band and one TWA range (55-80, 80-100, 100-130 deg), both taken from the whole reach, because speed moves far more with angle than with wind.
• Tracks are GPS, and up the page is always where the wind is coming from. A turn's fixed point, T = 0, is the moment its heading passes through the turn's own mean TWD on a tack, or that + 180 on a gybe; the mean is TWD over 10 s either side of the TWA crossing, as long on each tack, so a wind sensor that reads the two tacks differently cancels. Each turn is drawn to that wind, so it points straight up at T = 0, and the app uses the same T = 0 and wind. Starts and bottom mark roundings use the average TWD of the 60 s either side of the moment, leaving out the 10 s around a turn. Every turn timing in the tables counts from T = 0 too, and a turn's line runs from 8 s before to 10 s after. Turns entered on port are mirrored. A start's line runs from 30 s before the gun to M1, and guns sharing a start line and M1 overlay on one chart. A bottom mark line runs from 7 s before the closest pass to 10 s after, the mark at the centre, on one chart for right turns and one for left, taken from the boat's heading.
• Turn time series share that fixed point as T = 0 and run from 10 s before to 10 s after, longer than the tracks so the board down button shows. VMG is the app's, made good to windward on a tack and downwind on a gybe. Yaw rate and rudder read + into the turn; clew, heel and AWA-E1 are on the exit tack's sign, so + is to leeward coming out. The old hull and board are the ones to leeward going in, the new ones to windward going in. The AoA limiter is the boat's own limit, ANGLE_DB_RAKE_LIM_deg, a rake floor already allowing for pitch. They read the report's 0.5 s data: AWA-E1 is a 1 Hz channel and clew a 2 Hz one. The button marks are the new board's down press and the old board's up press, the moment the 20 Hz board command goes on, which is ahead of the stow states the app reports. The wing invert is the app's, camber 1 passing through zero, moved onto T = 0. Each mark sits on the line at that moment. The dashed trend is a team's median at each moment, like every other manoeuvre figure, and needs two turns with a value there.
• Manoeuvre type is the commonest sailing mode from 9 to 3 s before the crossing and from 8 to 14 s after it: Full Foiling, H2, H1 to H1, Foiling to H1 and so on. Coming out starts at 8 s because the board is still raising until then. Not settled means one end was none of the modes: a hull at 200 to 400 mm, or a board still moving. The filter at the top of the tab only changes which turns are shown and counted; a single turn is never a median, so a column needs two.

What the filters removed